Pennyroyal, European (Mentha pulegium)

European Pennyroyal is a low-growing, aromatic perennial in the mint family, native to Europe and the Mediterranean. It forms dense mats of small, rounded leaves that release a sharp, pungent scent when touched, an aromatic trait long valued for its natural insect-repelling qualities. In mid to late summer, it produces tight clusters of tiny lilac flowers that attract bees, hoverflies, and other small pollinators. Adaptable and easy to grow, Mentha pulegium thrives in full sun to part shade and moist, well-drained soils, and its creeping habit makes it useful for edging paths, filling gaps, or spreading through rock gardens.

Historically, European Pennyroyal played a role in traditional herbal practices for its strong fragrance, which influenced its use in folk remedies, household pest control, and occasional culinary applications. Today, its essential oils are recognized as potent and potentially toxic if ingested in large quantities, so the plant is now valued mainly for ornamental, ecological, and aromatic purposes, appreciated for its vigor, distinctive scent, and the subtle charm of its flowering mats.